ĐỀ THI READING B1

PASSAGE 1 – Questions 1 - 10

Esperanto is what is called a planned, or artificial, language. It was created more than a century ago by Polish eye doctor Ludwik Lazar Zamenhof. Zamenhof believed that a common language would help to alleviate some of the misunderstanding among cultures.

In Zamenhof’s first attempt at a universal language, he tried to create a language that was as uncomplicated as possible. This first language included words such as ab, ac, ba, eb, be, and ce. This did not result in a workable language in that these monosyllabic words, though short, were not easy to understand or to retain.

Next, Zamenhof tried a different way of constructing a simplified language. He made the words in his language sound like words that people already knew, but he simplified the grammar tremendously. One example of how he simplified the language can be seen in the suffixes: all nouns in this language end in o, as in the noun amiko, which means “friend,” and all adjectives end in –a, as in the adjective bela, which means “pretty”. Another example of the simplified language can be seen in the prefix mal-, which makes a word opposite in meaning; the word malamiko therefore means “enemy”, and the word malbela therefore means “ugly” in Zamenhof’s language.

In 1887, Zamenhof wrote a description of this language and published it. He used a pen name, Dr. Esperanto, when signing the book. He selected the name Esperanto because this word means “a person who hopes” in his language. Esperanto clubs began popping up throughout Europe, and by 1905, Esperanto had spread from Europe to America and Asia.

In 1905, the First World Congress of Esperanto took place in France, with approximately 700 attendees from 20 different countries. Congresses were held annually for nine years, and 4,000 attendees were registered for the Tenth World Esperanto Congress scheduled for 1914, when World War I erupted and forced its cancellation.

Esperanto has had its ups and downs in the period since World War I. Today, years after it was introduced, it is estimated that perhaps a quarter of a million people are fluent in it. This may seem like a large number, but it is really quite small when compared with the billion English speakers and billion Mandarin Chinese speakers in today’s world. Current advocates would like to see its use grow considerably and are taking steps to try to make this happen.

The topic of this passage is
1. a language developed in the last few years
2. one man’s efforts to create a universal language
3. how language can be improved
4. using language to communicate internationally
According to the passage, Zamenhof wanted to create a universal language
1. to resolve cultural differences
2. to provide a more complex language
3. to build a name for himself
4. to create one world culture
It can be inferred from the passage that the Esperanto word malespera means
1. hopelessness
2. hope
3. hopeless
4. hopeful

The expressio n “popping up” in paragraph 4 could best be replaced by
1. leaping
2. shouting
3. hiding
4. opening
It can be inferred from the passage that the Third World Congress of Esperanto took place
1. in 1905
2. in 1907
3. in 1909
4. in 1913
According to the passage, what happened to Tenth World Esperanto Congress?
1. It had 4,000 attendees.
2. It was scheduled for 1915.
3. It had attendees from 20 countries.
4. It never took place.
The expression “ups and downs” in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to
1. tops and bottoms
2. floors and ceilings
3. takeoffs and landings

1. highs and lows
Which paragraph describes the predecessor to Esperanto?
1. The first paragraph
2. The second paragraph
3. The third paragraph
4. The last paragraph
This passage would most likely be assigned reading in a course on
1. European history
2. English grammar
3. world government
4. applied linguistics
The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses
1. how current supporters of Esperanto are encouraging its growth
2. another of Zamenhof’s accomplishments
3. the disadvantages of using an artificial language
4. attempts to reconvene the World Congress of Esperanto in the 1920s

PASSAGE 2 – Questions 11 -20

Crows are probably the most frequently met and easily identifiable members of the native fauna of the United States. The great number of tales, legends, and myths about these birds indicates that people have been exceptionally interested in them for a long time. On the other hand, when it comes to substantive – particularly behavioral – information, crow are less well-known than many comparably common species and, for that matter, not a few quite uncommon ones: the endangered California condor, to cite one obvious example. There are practical reasons for this.

Crows are notoriously poor and aggravating subjects for field research. Keen observers, and quick learners, they are astute about the intentions of other creatures, including researcher, and adapt at avoiding them. Because they are so numerous, active, and monochromatic, it is difficult to distinguish one crow to another. Bands, radio transmitters, and other identifying devices can be attached to them, but his of course requires catching live crows, who are among the wariest and most untrappable of birds.

Technical difficulties aside, crow research is daunting because the ways of these birds are so complex and various. As prominent generalists, members of this species ingeniously exploit a great range of habitats and resources, and they can quickly adjust to changes in their circumstances. Being so educable, individual birds have markedly different interests and inclinations, strategies and scrams. For example, one pet crow learned how to let a dog out of its kennel by pulling the pin on the door. When the dog escaped, the bird went into the kennel and ate its food.

What is the main idea of the passage?
1. The ways in which crows differ from other common birds
2. The myths and legends about crows
3. The characteristics that make crows difficult to study
4. The existing methods for investigating crow behavior
According to the first paragraph, what evidence is there that crows have interested people for a long time?
1. The large number of stories about crows
2. The frequency with which crows are sighted
3. The amount of research that has been conducted on crows

1. The ease with which crows are identified
The word comparably in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
1. interestingly
2. similarly
3. otherwise
4. sometimes
In paragraph 1, the author mentions the endangered California condor as an example of a species that is
1. smaller than a crow
2. easily identifiable
3. featured in legends
4. very rare
The word them in paragraph 2 refers to
1. crows B. subjects C. intentions D. researchers
According to the second paragraph, crows are poor subjects for field research for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
1. They can successfully avoid observers.
2. They are hard to distinguish from one another.
3. They can be quite aggressive.
4. They are difficult to catch.
According to the third paragraph, which of the following is true about crows?
1. They seldom live in any one place for very long.

1. They thrive in a wide variety of environments.
2. They have marked preferences for certain kinds of foods.
3. They use up the resources in one area before moving to another.
In paragraph 3, the word inclination is closest in meaning to
1. Tricks B. opportunities C. preferences D. experiences
In paragraph 3, the author mentions a pet crow to illustrate which of the following?
1. The clever ways that crows solve the problems
2. The differences between pet crows and wild crows
3. The ease with crows can be tamed
4. The affection that crows show to other creatures
Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?
1. Crows have relatively long lives.
2. Crows have keen vision.
3. Crows are usually solitary.
4. rows are very intelligent.

PASSAGE 3 – Questions 21 - 30

The Stone Age was a period of history which began in approximately 2 million B.C. and lasted until 3000 B.C. Its name was derived from the stone tools and weapons that modern scientists found. This period was divided into the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic Ages. During the first period (2 million to 8000 B.C.), the first hatchet and use of fire for heating and cooking were developed. As a result of the Ice Age, which evolved about 1 million years into the Paleolithic Age, people were forced to seek shelter in caves, wear clothing, and develop new tools.

During the Mesolithic Age (8000 to 6000 B.C.), people made crude pottery and the first fish hooks, took dogs hunting, and developed the bow and arrow, which were used until the fourteenth century A.D.

The Neolithic Age (6000 to 3000 B.C.) saw humankind domesticating sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle, being less nomadic than in previous eras, establishing permanent settlements, and creating governments.

Into how many periods was the Stone Age divided?
1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5
In paragraph 1, the word "derived" is closest in meaning to
1. originated
2. destroyed
3. hallucinated
4. discussed
Which of the following was developed earliest?
1. Fish hook
2. Hatchet
3. Bow and arrow

1. Pottery
Which of the following developments is NOT related to the conditions of the Ice Age?
1. Farming
2. Clothing
3. Living indoors
4. Using fire
The word "crude" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
1. extravagant
2. complex
3. vulgar
4. primitive
The author states that the Stone Age was so named because
1. it was very durable like stone
2. the tools and weapons were made of stone
3. there was little vegetation
4. the people lived in stone caves
In paragraph 3, "nomadic" is closest in meaning to
1. sedentary
2. wandering
3. primitive

1. inquisitive
With what subject is the passage mainly concerned?
1. The Neolithic Age
2. The Paleolithic Age
3. The Stone Age
4. The Ice Age
Which of the following best describes the Mesolithic Age?
1. People were inventive.
2. People stayed indoors all the time.
3. People were warriors.
4. People were crude.
In paragraph 3, the word ‘eras’ is closest in meaning to
1. families
2. periods
3. herds
4. tools

PASSAGE 4 – Questions 31 - 40

Sequoyah was a young Cherokee Indian, son of a white trader and an Indian squaw. At an early age, he became fascinated by "the talking leaf," an expression that he used to describe the white man's written records. Although many believed this "talking leaf' to be a gift from the Great Spirit, Sequoyah refused to accept that theory. Like other Indians of the period, he was illiterate, but his determination to remedy the situation led to the invention of a unique eighty-six-character alphabet based on the sound patterns that he heard.

His family and friends thought him mad, but while recuperating from a hunting accident, he diligently and independently set out to create a form of communication for his own people as well as for other Indians. In 1821, after twelve years of work, he had successfully developed a written language that would enable thousands of Indians to read and write.

Sequoyah's desire to preserve words and events for later generations has caused him to be remembered among the important inventors. The giant redwood trees of California, called "sequoias" in his honor, will further imprint his name in history.

What is the most important reason that Sequoyah will be remembered?
1. California redwoods were named in his honor.
2. He was illiterate.
3. He created a unique alphabet.
4. He recovered from his madness and helped humankind.
The word "squaw" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
1. woman
2. teacher
3. cook
4. trader

How did Sequoyah's family react to his idea of developing his own "talking leaf'?
1. They arranged for his hunting accident.
2. They thought he was crazy.
3. They decided to help him.
4. They asked him to teach them to read and write.
What prompted Sequoyah to develop his alphabet?
1. People were writing things about him that he couldn't read.
2. He wanted to become famous.
3. After his hunting accident, he needed something to keep him busy.
4. He wanted the history of his people preserved for future generations.
In paragraph 1, the word "iliterate" means most nearly the same as
1. fierce
2. poor
3. abandoned
4. unable to read or write
It is implied that Sequoyah called the written records "the talking leaf” because
1. they played music
2. when he observed white people reading, they seemed to understand what was written
3. he was going mad, and he thought the leaves were talking to him
4. it was the only way that the Great Spirit had of communicating with them

Sequoyah could best be described as
1. determined
2. mad
3. backwards
4. meek
What is the best title for the passage?
1. Sequoyah 's Determination to Preserve the Cherokee Language
2. The Origin of the Cherokee Language
3. Sequoyah's Madness Leads to a New Language
4. The Origin of the "Sequoia" Trees in California
In paragraph 1, "fascinated" is closest in meaning to
1. absorbed
2. exasperated
3. confused
4. imaginative
All of the following are true EXCEPT
1. Sequoyah developed a form of writing with the help of the Cherokee tribe
2. Sequoyah was a very observant young man
3. Sequoyah spent twelve years developing his alphabet
4. Sequoyah was honored by having some trees named after him

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